Which is the first-line medication for severe influenza viral infections?

Oseltamivir is recognized as the first-line medication for treating severe influenza viral infections. It belongs to a class of antiviral drugs known as neuraminidase inhibitors. These medications work by blocking the action of the neuraminidase enzyme, which is essential for the influenza virus to spread and infect additional cells in the respiratory tract. By inhibiting this enzyme, oseltamivir helps to reduce the duration of symptoms, prevents the virus from replicating, and subsequently lowers the risk of complications associated with severe influenza.

While other options like zanamivir and baloxavir are also antiviral treatments for influenza, oseltamivir is often preferred because it can be orally administered, making it convenient for patients. Zanamivir, on the other hand, is delivered via inhalation and may not be suitable for all patients, particularly those with respiratory issues. Rimantadine, while effective against influenza A, has limited efficacy against influenza B and resistance issues have been reported, making it less favorable as a frontline treatment. Thus, oseltamivir remains the primary choice for managing severe cases of influenza.