What is the first line treatment for Paracoccidioidomycosis?

Itraconazole is the first-line treatment for paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic fungal infection primarily found in endemic regions of Latin America. This antifungal belongs to the azole class, which works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes. By disrupting ergosterol production, itraconazole effectively impairs cell membrane integrity and function, leading to the death of the fungal organism.

This particular condition requires long-term treatment due to the chronic nature of the infection and its potential to cause significant morbidity. Itraconazole is preferred because it has a favorable side effect profile compared to other antifungals, allows for oral administration, and has good bioavailability in the body, making it effective for treating paracoccidioidomycosis.

While other medications, such as IV Amphotericin B, are effective antifungals, they are typically reserved for more severe infections or cases that do not respond to azoles. Oral griseofulvin and topical clotrimazole are not appropriate for systemic fungal infections like paracoccidioidomycosis, as they are typically used for dermatophyte infections and localized fungal infections, respectively. Thus, itraconazole